- Health-related Quality of Life of Patients With Diabetes Mellitus Measured With the Bahasa Indonesia Version of EQ-5D in Primary Care Settings in Indonesia
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Muhammad Husen Prabowo, Ratih Puspita Febrinasari, Eti Poncorini Pamungkasari, Yodi Mahendradhata, Anni-Maria Pulkki-Brännström, Ari Probandari
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J Prev Med Public Health. 2023;56(5):467-474. Published online September 26, 2023
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.229
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 Abstract
Summary
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- Objectives
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a serious public health issue that places a heavy financial, social, and health-related burden on individuals, families, and healthcare systems. Self-reported health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is extensively used for monitoring the general population’s health conditions and measuring the effectiveness of interventions. Therefore, this study investigated HRQoL and associated factors among patients with type 2 DM at a primary healthcare center in Indonesia.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted in Klaten District, Central Java, Indonesia, from May 2019 to July 2019. In total, 260 patients with DM registered with National Health Insurance were interviewed. HRQoL was measured with the EuroQol Group’s validated Bahasa Indonesia version of the EuroQoL 5-Dimension 5-Level (EQ-5D-5L) with the Indonesian value set. Multivariate regression models were used to identify factors influencing HRQoL.
Results
Data from 24 patients were excluded due to incomplete information. Most participants were men (60.6%), were aged above 50 years (91.5%), had less than a senior high school education (75.0%), and were unemployed (85.6%). The most frequent health problems were reported for the pain/discomfort dimension (64.0%) followed by anxiety (28.4%), mobility (17.8%), usual activities (10.6%), and self-care (6.8%). The average EuroQoL 5-Dimension (EQ-5D) index score was 0.86 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.83 to 0.88). In the multivariate ordinal regression model, a higher education level (coefficient, 0.08; 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.14) was a significant predictor of the EQ-5D-5L utility score.
Conclusions
Patients with diabetes had poorer EQ-5D-5L utility values than the general population. DM patients experienced pain/discomfort and anxiety. There was a substantial positive relationship between education level and HRQoL.
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Summary
Key Message
This study examined Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) in 260 type 2 diabetes patients in Indonesia. Most were male (60.6%), over 50 (91.5%), with low education (75%) and unemployed (85.6%). Pain/discomfort was the most common issue (64%), followed by anxiety (28.4%). The average HRQoL score was 0.86. Higher education positively impacted HRQoL. Diabetes patients face lower HRQoL compared to the general population, with notable issues in pain and anxiety. Education level significantly influences HRQoL. This highlights the importance of education in improving the well-being of diabetes patients in Indonesia.
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